NAMA : YEDDIAN AFRIYANY
NPM : 21209518
KELAS : 3EB13
DOSEN : IBU DWI NITISARI
In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot
of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for
outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle
caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military
could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek
males who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and
strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping,
discuss and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in
individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus.
Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and
having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as
games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to
take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the
different cities represented.
The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time
in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C. The contest
coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the
part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were
dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to
themselves, but also to the cities they represented.
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
a Winners placed olive wreaths on
their own heads.
b. The games were held in Greece every
four years.
c. Battles were interrupted to
participate in the games.
d. Poem glorified the winners in song.
Jawab
: C. Battles were interrupted to
participate in the games
Alasan
: Jawaban ini tidak benar karena dalam paragraf bacaan di atas dijelaskan bahwa
“The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out
effort on the part of the participants to please the gods.”
2.
The word “elite” in line 5 is
closest in meaning to…
a a. Aristocracy
c. intellectuals
b b. Brave
d. muscular
Jawab
: A. Aristocracy
Alasan
: karena pengertian dari “elite” adalah golongan atas atau orang terkemuka dan
“Aristocracy” adalah kaum bangsawan.
3.
Why were the Olympic Games held?
a a. To stop
wars
b b. To honor
Zeus
c. To crown the best athletes
d. To sing songs about the athletes
Jawab:
B.
To honor Zeus
Alasan
: Karena dalam kalimat pertama di paragraph pertama dijelaskan “In 776 B.C.,
the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the
Greeks’ chief god, Zeus.”
4 4.
Approximately how many years ago did
these games originate?
a a. 800
years
b. 1,200
years
c. 2,300 years
d. 2,800 years
Jawab
: D. 2800 years
Alasan
: Karena dalam paragraf disebutkan bahwa Olympic Games diadakan pertama kali
tahun 776 Sebelum Masehi (776 B.C). Perhitungannya : sekarang tahun 2012 jadi
Olympic Games terjadi sejak 2012 + 776 = 2788 atau kurang lebih sekitar 2800
tahun yang lalu.
5 5. What conclusion can we draw about
the ancient Greeks?
a a. They were pacifists.
b. They believed athletic events were
important
c. They were very simple
d d. They couldn’t count, so they used
“Olympiads” for dates
Jawab
: B. They believed athletic events
were important
Alasan
: Karena dalam kalimat pertama di paragraf kedua dijelaskan bahwa “The Greeks
attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year
cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.”
6 6.
What is the main idea of this
passage?
a a. Physical fitness was an integral
part of the lives of the ancient Greeks
b b. The Greeks severely punished those
who did not participate in physical fitness programs
c c .The Greeks had always encouraged
everyone to participate in the games
d d. The Greeks had the games coincide
with religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games
were over.
Jawab
: D. The Greeks had the games
coincide with religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the
games were over.
Alasan
: Karena dalam kalimat kedua diparagraf kedua dijelaskan bahwa “The contest
coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the
part of the participants to please the gods.”
7 7. In line 14, the word “deeds” is
closest in meaning to
a a. Accomplishments
b. Ancestors
c c. Documents
d d. Property
Jawab
: A. Accomplishments
Alasan
: Karena pengertian dari “deeds” adalah perbuatan atau tindakan dan pengertian
“Accomplishments” adalah prestasi. Yang dimaksud dalam paragraf di atas adalah
perbuatan atau prestasi yang telah diperbuat.
8 8. Which of the following was
ultimately required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?
a a. They must have completed military
service
b b. They had to attend special training
sessions
c c. They had to be Greek males with no
criminal record
d d. They had to be very religious
Jawab
: C. They had to be Greek males with
no criminal record
Alasan
: Karena dalam kalimat ketiga (paragraf pertama) dijelaskan bahwa “but later
the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.”
9 9.
The word “halted” in line 16 means
most nearly the same as ..
a a. Encourages
b b. Started
c c. Curtailed
d d. Fixed
Jawab
: C. Curtailed.
Alasan
: Karena pengertian dari “halted” adalah dihentikan dan pengertian “Curtailed”
adalah dibatasi.
1 10.
What is an “Olympiad”?
a. The time it took to finish the games
b. The time between games
c c. The it took to finish a war
d. The time it took the athletes to
train
Jawab
: B. The time between games.
Alasan
: Karena dalam kalimat pertama diparagraf kedua dijelaskan bahwa “the games
that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from
776 B.C.”
STYLISTIC PROBLEMS
1.
The defendant refused to answer the
prosecutor’s questions ____________
a. Because he was afraid it would
incriminate him.
b. For fear that they will incriminate
him
c. Because he was afraid that his
answers would incriminate him
d. Fearing that he will be incriminated
by it
Jawab
: C. Because he was afraid that his
answers would incriminate him.
Alasan
: Karena “questions” adalah bentuk jamak, maka jawaban yang tepat adalah C
dimana “that his answers” juga berbentuk jamak.
2.
Mrs. Walker has
returned_______________
a. A wallet back to its original owner
b. To its original owner the wallet
c. The wallet to its originally owner
d. The wallet to its original owner
Jawab
: D. The wallet to its original owner.
Alasan
: Karena kata “return” diikuti dengan kata “to” dan owner diikuti dengan
adverb.
3.
The hospital owes____________ for
the construction of the new wing.
a. The government twenty million
dollars
b. For the government twenty million
dollars
c. To the government twenty million
dollars
d. Twenty million of dollars to the
government
Jawab
: A. The government twenty million
dollars.
Alasan
: Karena struktur dari kalimat tersebut yaitu setelah verb dilanjutkan dengan
objek.
4.
Sarah ____________ that she could
not attend classes next week.
a. Told to her professors
b. Said her professors
c. Told her professors
d. Is telling her professors
Jawab
: C. Told her professors.
Alasan
: Karena susunan yang benar adalah tidak menggunakan “to”.
5.
The artist was asked to show some
paintings at the contest because___________
a. He painted very good
b. They believed he painted well
c. Of their belief that he was an good
artist
d. The judges had been told of his
talents
Jawab
: B. They believed he painted well.
Alasan
: Karena susunan yang paling tepat adalah setelah verb dibutuhkan adverb, bukan
adjective.
6.
If motorists do not observe the
traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and
A B
C
have
to pay a fine.
D
Jawab:
If motorists do not observe the
traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and have to be paid a fine.
Alasan
: Karena “stopped” dan “ticketed” dalam bentuk pasif, maka “have to pay a fine”
juga harus dalam bentuk pasif.
7.
Fred, who usually conducts the
choir rehearsals, did not show up last night
A
B
because he had an accident on his way to the
practice.
C
D
Jawab:
Fred,
who usually conducts the choir
rehearsal, did not show up last night because he had an accident on his
way to the practice.
Alasan : Karena bukan merupakan verb dari kata “the choir”,
maka kata “rehearsals” tidak memerlukan huruf “s”.
8.
A short time before her operation last
month, Mrs. Carlyle dreams of her daughter
A
B
C
who
lives overseas.
D
Jawab:
A
short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreamed of her daughter
who
lives overseas.
Alasan
: Karena kalimat di atas bentuknya lampau terlihat pada kata “last month”, maka
kata “dreams” seharusnya juga dalam bentuk lampau dan diubah menjadi “dreamed”.
9.
The atmosphere in Andalucía
is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all
A
B
who have the good fortune to visit
there.
C
D
Jawab:
The
atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all that have the good fortune to
visit there.
Alasan
: Karena kata “that” digunakan untuk menjelaskan "the atmosphere".
10.
Some of the people were standing
in the street watched the parade,
A
B
C
while
others were singing songs.
D
Jawab:
Some of the people were standing in
the street watching the
parade, while others were singing songs.
Alasan : Karena kalimat ini
merupakan past participle, maka kata kerjanya menggunakan verb-ing.
